摘要：健全和完善国家科技治理体系是国家科技发展的战略方针，是一项具有重要理论和政策意义的研究课题。在考察科技治理思想和科技治理问题的基础上，以系统分析为方法，以治理理论、创新理论、科技政策与管理和科学与社会为理论视角，结合国际上科技治理实践和体系建设的实践，阐述了科技治理体系意义及其构成要素，对国家科技治理体系的整体架构做了理论探索。研究得出结论：国家科技治理体系具有明确的价值导向、多重目标，国家科技治理体系由战略—领域—研究计划—研究活动—结果及影响等几个层面的治理构成，彼此之间存在着相互联系。理论研究表明，完善国家治理体系的政策措施要沿着明确治理的方向性、加强宏观战略治理和政策协调、扩大研究机构的自主性和完善主要政策工具等方面加强。

关键词：科技治理；国家科技治理体系；科技伦理治理

Abstract: Strengthening the governance of the national science and technology system is a development trend of major countries in the world, and also a strategic guideline for China's development of science and technology.The purpose of this research is to explore the meaning of S&T governance and the national S&T governance system,expounds the elements, constitution, functions and policy implications of the national science and technology governance system and to put forwards policy suggestions for strengthening and improving the S&T governance system in China.Based on the investigation of governance concept and governance theory, this research discusses the origin and development of thought science and technology governance.Based on governance theory and science and technology governance practice, this research puts forward the definition of science and technology governance andnational science and technology governance system.Science and technology governance runs through the whole process of science and technology innovation activities,from strategy and decision, to research and development, to the application, diffusion and influence of the results.The national governance system of science and technology has three main objectives: to promote the development of national science and technology; to ensure the healthy and orderly of scientific and technological development processes;to control the consequences and effects of science and technology.The components of national governance system of science and technology include science and technology governance actors, tools(strategy and planning, funding tools and research program, evaluation and supervision, norms, rules and laws) and mechanisms(coordination, advice, participation, evaluation and dynamic adjustment, ethical review and supervision).The ethical governance principle of the national governance system of science and technology is responsible research and innovation.To realize multi-objective governance of national science and technology governance system, it is necessary to solve all kinds of old failures and new types of failures.The national governance system of science and technology consists of strategic governance, priority field governance,research program governance, research system and research activities governance, and research results application and diffusion governance. The operation of national governance system of science and technology depends on its institutional basis and organizational settings.Finally, this research puts forward the following measures to strengthen and improve the construction of China's governance system of science and technology: strengthen macro guidance for national science and technology strategies,major policies, and major tasks, strengthen the coordination of all aspects of government policy, improve the national system of science and technology advicefor decision-making, expand participation, reform and innovation of national major research program, expand the autonomy of research related research institutions and university reform, perfect the evaluation system of science and technology, strengthen the construction of ethics of science and technology environment,strengthen the construction of laws and regulations of science and technology, strengthen the development of a culture of scientific innovation and the communication of science.

Key words: science and technology governance;national science and technology governance system;ethical governance of science and technology