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2022

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【论文速递】动态工作环境如何影响员工绩效?任务重塑与调节焦点的作用分析


摘要:突如其来的疫情大大增加了组织和个体所面临的环境动态性和不确定性,同时也使得组织和个体的行为发生了诸多变化。然而,对于动态工作环境如何影响员工行为与结果的中介机制及边界条件的研究却依然较为匮乏。基于不确定性减少理论和自我调节理论,并遵从“环境—行为—绩效”的研究范式,构建了以任务重塑为中介变量、调节焦点为调节变量的带调节的中介模型。通过两阶段问卷调查并利用MPlus对最终获取的320份有效问卷进行统计分析,探讨了动态工作环境如何通过促进员工开展任务重塑进而影响任务绩效的作用机制。结果发现,动态工作环境能够正向影响员工的任务绩效,而任务重塑在两者之间的关系中起到中介作用。此外,促进型调节焦点正向调节动态工作环境与任务重塑之间的正向关系以及动态工作环境通过任务重塑与任务绩效的间接关系。

 

关键词:动态工作环境;任务重塑;任务绩效;调节焦点

 

Abstract: The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has made many organizations been involved in a huge crisis, and both organizations and individuals have to face high levels of uncertainty and complexity. So, how does a dynamic work environment affect employees' task performance? What are the intermediary mechanisms behind it? Is it affected by task crafting and regulatory focus? In a dynamic work environment, what intervention strategies can organizations adopt to activate employees? However, the current discussion on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and performance is mainly at the level of the organizations or management teams. Studies have not fully considered the impact of the dynamic work environment on employee behavior and performance, not explored the mechanism in depth, and cannot effectively explain the impact of the environment on employees. Thus, based on the "environment-behavior-performance" research paradigm, this research focus on the process of the dynamic work environment affecting employee behavior and performance, and introduces regulatory focus to explore the specific mechanism.Dynamics are not only challenges for organizations and managers, but also for employees. With the outbreak of COVID-19, lots of employees have found that their working environment is full of changes, challenges and opportunities.Faced with a dynamic work environment, employees need to take actions to actively respond to the opportunities and challenges in the environment. Therefore, based on the uncertainty reduction theory and the self-regulation theory, this research attempted to explore the impact mechanism of the dynamic work environment on employee behavior and performance. Through conducting a two-stage survey and using MPlus to statistically analyze the 320 valid questionnaires, this paper explored how dynamic work environment affects task performance by promoting task crafting.The results showed that: dynamic work environment can affect employee's task performance positively; task crafting plays a mediating role between dynamic work environment and task performance; promotion regulatory focus can positively regulate both the direct relationship between dynamic work environment and task crafting, and the indirect relationship between dynamic work environment and task performance via task crafting. Employees with a highly promotion regulatory focus are more likely to take the initiative to do task crafting when facing a dynamic work environment, thereby improving their task performance.Organizations and individuals should pay attention to the fact that the dynamic work environment is not absolutely a bad thing. Instead, it may“activate the individual”and prompt the individual to actively make changes to improve task performance. Therefore, organizations should guide employees to objectively analyze and predict the dynamics and complexity of the work environment, make full use of the challenges and opportunities, and proactively "self-upgrade" to achieve high performance.The innovations of this research are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First of all, the discussion of the relationship between dynamic work environment and employee task performance provided a new perspective for exploring the impact of environment on employee behavior and attitude; Secondly, by introducing task crafting, this research further explored the specific process in which the dynamic work environment has an impact on employee task performance;Finally, based on the self-regulatory theory, this research provided new content for studying the behavior of different types of employees in a dynamic work environment. Scholars can further explore the process and boundary conditions of the dynamic work environment's influence on other behaviors, attitudes and results of employees. Meanwhile, multi-source and multi-time measurement methods can be adopted to ensure the reliability and scientificity of the research results.

 

Key words: dynamic work environment; task crafting; task performance; regulatory focus

 

文章作者:宋一晓,曹洲涛,陈春花,吴雨璐

作者单位:广东财经大学工商管理学院

粤港澳大湾区创新竞争力研究院

华南理工大学工商管理学院

北京大学国家发展研究院

全文已刊发在《科学学与科学技术管理》2021年第2期

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