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2022

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06

【论文速递】正确理解和科学使用研发经费投入强度指标——基于区域差异和产业结构的分析


摘要:研发经费投入强度在科技规划制定和科技活动监测时常被误用和误解。文章在阐述研发经费投入强度的起源、应用以及局限性的基础上,从趋势分析、国际比较、区域比较、产业结构比较等多角度解释我国研发经费投入强度的变化特征,并揭示形成原因。研究发现:国家(组织)研发经费投入强度达到2%以后增速通常放缓,较难突破3%,产业发展水平较低或域内经济发展不平衡的国家(组织)或区域研发经费投入强度较难提升,中国研发经费投入强度的增长规律符合一般国际经验。国家(组织)或区域研发经费投入强度提升路径的设计要从推动产业转型升级和推进区域平衡发展角度入手,推动落后地区产业向研发密集型转型是重中之重。

 

关键词:研发经费投入强度;产业结构;区域差异

 

Abstract: R&D intensity can usually reflect the development of science and technology in a country(organization)or a region directly, and it has become an important reference when governments and international organizations formulate science and technology strategies. However, R&D intensity is often misused and misunderstood in the formulation of science and technology planning and monitoring of science and technology activities. In order to promote the scientific understanding and correct use of R&D intensity, and to explore the underlying factors that affect R&D intensity, this study provides multiple analytical perspectives and systematic evidence for the indicator of R&D intensity. It suggests that regional differences and industrial structure characteristics should be fully considered when setting the R&D intensity goal in science and technology policy planning.This article first reviews the origin and development of the R&D intensity, and analyzes its application and limitations in industry classification and national science and technology policy formulation. Secondly, the trend analysis method is used to analyze the change of China's R&D intensity from 1995 to 2020, and to explore the growth law of R&D intensity.Finally, the article analyzes the factors affecting R&D intensity from the two aspects of regional and industrial structure, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving R&D intensity.The main findings of the study are:(1) The growth rate of national(or organization) R&D intensity usually slows down after reaching 2%, and it is difficult to exceed 3%. The growth law of China's R&D intensity is in line with general international experience;(2) Industrial structure is an important factor affecting the increase of China's R&D intensity.China's primary industry gross output value accounts for a relatively high proportion of GDP, and yet the R&D intensity of high-tech industries is still low, which leads to a low overall R&D intensity in China. The level of industrial development affects the R&D intensity, and the vigorous development of knowledge-intensive industries can effectively drive the increase in R&D investment;(3) There is a regional imbalance in China's R&D intensity. R&D intensity of the eastern provinces has reached the level of an innovative country, but it is not enough to drive the overall increase of China's R&D intensity. It is difficult for countries(or organizations) with unbalanced economic development in the region to increase R&D intensity. The uneven regional distribution of scientific and technological innovation resources results in the greatly varied level of scientific and technological development in different regions, which affects the overall R&D intensity.By analyzing the connotation, characteristics and influencing factors of R&D intensity, it is found that to blindly pursue numerical values of R&D intensity is unreasonable. The general development law of the R&D intensity must be followed, fully considering China's economic scale, industrial structure, and regional differences. The national(or organization) or regional R&D intensity improvement path should be designed from the perspective of improving industrial structure and upgrading and promoting regional balanced development. Finally, this research suggests promoting the transformation of industries in remote areas and encouraging the development of R&D intensive industries be accorded the top priority.

 

Key Words: R&D intensity; industry structure; regional difference

 

文章作者:陈凯华,温馨,蔺洁

作者单位:中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院

全文已刊发在《科学学与科学技术管理》2022年第3期

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